SWE-bench

SWE-bench — resolving real GitHub issues from popular Python repositories — became the defining benchmark for AI software engineering after its 2023 release by Princeton. The verified subset (500 curated problems) went from ~4% resolution rate with raw GPT-4 to over 50% with agentic scaffolds like SWE-Agent and Amazon Q Developer by mid-2025. What makes it uniquely challenging is the need to navigate large codebases, write tests, and produce patches that pass CI — skills that require genuine multi-file reasoning, not just code generation.